Rhyme in Musical Theatre Lyrics

Here is an interesting question that I’d like people to consider: why do we expect musical theatre to make use of pure rhyme or celebrate lyrics that are crafted using pure rhyme more readily than those that employ other kinds of rhyme? It’s a convention that I think many people accept as a standard for musical theatre, but is it only convention that makes it so?

When one takes into consideration that other kinds of rhyme actually are identified in English as different kinds of rhyme, rather than being “wrong”, should this expectation shift at all? In An Introduction to Rhyme, Peter Dale analyses forty different kinds of rhyme, a list of which can be seen here. Do none of these except the certain forms of traditional pure rhyme have a prize place in musical theatre? If so, why?

I’ve also posed this question on Finishing the Chat and I think the responses here and there might lay the foundation for some interesting discussion on musical theatre practice. Feel free to comment in the comment box below if you have anything to contribute to the discussion.

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O/T: Brecht and Didactic Theatre

Brecht

Brecht in Action

I was recently reading a rather mundane series of posts around the issue of adaptation at Musicals.net, which then delved into the realm of Bertolt Brecht and his vision of theatre. Here’s the bit that I found interesting:

Hans wrote:
There are different levels of how much an adapter contributes with in an adaptation. Just to pick relatively neutral examples, I’d say that the movie adaptations of A Clockwork Orange and The Lord of the Rings respectively can be said to represent two extreme positions of a continuum. The adaptations of The Lord of the Rings are very faithful to the books they are based upon, and recreate as closely as possible the images and moods from the source of adaptation. A Clockwork Orange on the other hand, goes as far as possible in reinterpreting the book it is based upon. The frame of the story is by and large kept, but it serves to a great degree as a vehicle for the agenda of the adapter, who uses a lot of the effects that belong exclusively to the movie genre to crate an end product that stands much further from the source than the The Lord of the Rings adaptation does.

Should an adapter have an agenda he or she wants to illuminate? Or is it OK to merely “illustrate” a story?

Monsieur D’Arque wrote:
The question you ask is an old one. The Clockwork Orange question is related in a way to Brecht, who would reinterpret other stories as either pro-socialist or anti-fascist allegories, regardless of their original position. He believed that all theater should be didactic theater, and should not simply entertain, but strive to create social change by informing the audience.

Hans wrote:
I really believe one can voice one’s opinion and/or treat issues one finds interesting through art without making the art didactic.

My response to this issue around Brecht’s work: of course one can, but that wasn’t Brecht’s intention. Brecht said that the problem with theatre that expressed an issue dramatically left the audience passive and therefore had no real effect socially, politically or economically. I don’t know that Brecht was as dogmatic about all theatre as Monsieur D’Arque makes him out to be, although he did feel this way about theatre that was trying to instigate social reform by approaching contentious and even taboo socio-political and/or economic topics, hence his creation of Epic Theatre in opposition to Dramatic Theatre. Even though he did this, Epic Theatre remains an ideal model for the kind of theatre that Brecht wished to see created in this regard and contemporary criticism holds the view no play has been created that is completely Epic, but that some plays are more Epic than others. In other words, Epic Theatre and Dramatic Theatre are at the extreme ends of a continuum and even Brecht’s own plays don’t achieve every single ideal of Epic Theatre: as drama, The Caucasian Chalk Circle, for example, may be more Epic than Mother Courage and her Children, while both are more Epic than something like A Doll’s House, which could be made more Epic on a theatrical level.

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Thoughts on THE BOYS IN THE PHOTOGRAPH

I went to see the 14:00 show Ben Elton and Andrew Lloyd Webber’s The Boys in the Photograph today. What follows are my thoughts on the show, a revised version of the 2000 musical The Beautiful Game. I shall also spend a little time discussing the production itself.

Index

THE BEAUTIFUL GAME

THE BEAUTIFUL GAME

On the New Title … p.2
On the Book … p.3
On the Score … p.4
On the Production … p.5

RIGHT: As yet, the only English cast recording of material from The Boys in the Photograph is the 2000 recording of The Beautiful Game.

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“Original” Musicals

Shrek

Is SHREK drek because of its source material?

As musicals based on movies become more and more frequently produced, discussions on musical theatre forums around the Internet regarding the lack of “original” Musicals” seem to become more and more prominent. Most people seem to forget, however, that truly “original” musicals are rare and that most are based on plays, novels, poetry or other source material. The trend to adapt musicals from film is simply the current trend in terms of adaptation. The unfortunate reality is that many movie-turned-musicals are chosen because of a kind of “brand awareness” created by the original film: the thinking, one supposes, is that if a film has a huge number of fans, then the musical adaptation might sell some tickets based on the film’s reputation. As such, my opinion on the matter is that it is not the source material itself that is the problem here: if that were so, then there would be no musicals based on films that have any value at all. The success of these adaptations lies where it always has done when adapatations are concerned: on the treatment of the source material and the intent behind the adaptation on the part of the creative team behind the show.

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Review Roundup: THE BOYS IN THE PHOTOGRAPH

Here’s a roundup of reviews for the new South African production of The Boys in the Photograph, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Ben Elton’s revised version of their musical, The Beautiful Game. The reception to the show has been largely positive, with many reviews singling out the expansive mega-musical style set as a key feature of the production’s success, a somewhat ironic point of view when one considers that a great deal of the positive criticism of The Beautiful Game had to do with the fact that it was a less ornate production in terms of its design than many other Lloyd Webber shows receive. Most comments on the book and score are cursory, with Elton receiving none of the harsh criticism he was given in regard to his work on the original version of this show, although he is rapped over the knuckles for his rewritten happy ending. The only major debate, oddly, seems to be about the suitability of serious topics in musical theatre, an attitude which only betrays ignorance and a limited exposure to the genre.

Raves

Leon van Nierop at Artslink: The production is splendid but not everybody may be as enthusiastic as this critic. First of all it is a lavish production…. One just wishes that there had been more such imaginative and rousing staging of the soccer moves reinterpreted as a dance. But, granted, that is not what this rather dark musical is about…. During the first 30 minutes the audience gets what a great majority of them expected. A celebration of “the beautiful game” with a great score by Andrew Lloyd Webber although none of the songs went on to win classic audience-pleasing status as in many of his other musicals. A particular highlight here is the moving “God’s own Country” and its moving interpretation. But then the production addresses what Andrew Lloyd Webber actually had in mind: the confrontation between brother and brother, religion and religion, politics and ambition, war and peace. ….. The musical reminisces that every person is responsible for the way his or her life turns out…. Just know that this touching production and huge cast primarily address Irish issues which (at the end) are used as a parallel for South Africa’s own apartheid and violent past and current political uncertainty. An outstanding production, but not necessarily an audience pleaser.

(NOTE: What about what Ben Elton had in mind? The musical wasn’t created by Lloyd Webber alone and it’s a well documented fact that Elton has been something of a driving force behind the creation of this musical.)

Annette Bayne at The Citizen: Andrew Lloyd Webber and Ben Elton’s The Boys In The Photograph… is not quite about football although any one who loves soccer will love the opening song “The Beautiful Game”…. It’s not about South Africa either, but you can certainly pick up the parallels. And while many might not fully relate to a lesson in Irish history, you will feel your heart ache for the universality of this story. The music and lyrics are beautiful and the actors give a lot of heart. One of the most poignant things is the triumph of story over reality. As the narrative grows and the play gets longer, so to do the characters “age”…. Lloyd Webber knows how to rouse the blood with his stirring melodies and dangerous notes.

Mixed

Jennifer de Klerk at Artslink: The Boys in the Photograph… is a poignant and telling musical. I had no idea what to expect, except that anything that Andrew Lloyd Webber had a hand in must have something to recommend it…. The action takes a while to warm up…. Music dominates, especially the haunting flutes and Irish whistle…. There are no stand-out showstoppers here; nothing that you can whistle on the way home. Musically, this is not another Evita…. At the end we are given the headlines from The Belfast Telegraph of 2007, heralding the new order in Ireland – hope for the future and possibly an end to “the war that will never end”…. Should you see this? Definitely. It is extremely good theatre with a strong story and some excellent performances. Will it be memorable forever more – standing the test of time and sending shivers up your spine like the other great Lloyd Webber musicals? Perhaps not.

Trish Beaver at Artslink: Most musicals I know are light and fluffy and you leave with a song in your heart – this one is a little different! It may not be one of the better known musicals on the world stage but it is one of those that leaves you with an impression a bit like a Molotov cocktail…. The stunning changes in scenery and the poignant shifts in moods between a pub scene, a hotel bedroom and a stark jail are what makes this “musical” more of a drama. The backdrops and scenery was inspiring…. The balance of the scenes made this story work and the interplay of light and heavy moments….. For me this was a powerful potjiekos of thought-provoking elements that felt out of place in a musical, but it was a brilliantly executed bit of theatre that managed to send a very powerful message….

(NOTE: I thought the above review was rather poorly written and the reviewer seems ignorant in regard to how versatile musical theatre is as a dramatic form. Has Beaver never heard of any musicals with serious intentions?)

Diane de Beer at The Star Tonight: In some respects it scores perfect goals, kicking off with the expansive Engels design…. The songs allow for voices to soar… moving from rock to ballad. More often than not it is the soloists that are allowed to shine. There’s not that much ensemble singing or dancing, for that matter…. It is a sombre tale at best which lapses into sermonising towards the end…. And yet it’s a fascinating exercise attempted by Lloyd Webber and Elton as they create an original story and songs with the Northern Ireland troubles as a backdrop. There’s no familiar music for the audience to fall back on and even with some poignantly beautiful ballads, you’re not going to leave the auditorium humming…. This isn’t an easy one to stage, with many big and smaller moments that tell this tough story. On top of that, emotions are all over the place as the mood swings from hilarious to heart-wrenching faster than a light queue.

Peter Feldman at Artslink: This is no ordinary musical – it has political sting…. The Boys in the Photograph is not the sort of production that will leave you with musical memory makers, like past Andrew Lloyd Webber triumphs, but it does have some clout…. First, one is overawed by the remarkable set… Second, “The Boys in the Photograph” deals with an explosive subject and many of the scenes touch the soul because of their parallels with the South African situation. It was written 10 years ago as The Beautiful Game, but has undergone a name change and includes a South African World Cup reference unnecessarily tagged on at the end…. The show’s strong political theme, not the best subject around which to create a musical, jarred the senses as its rammed home its message time and time again. It became somewhat repetitive in its attack…. The story was conveyed through sharply written dialogue and a repertoire of not particularly memorable songs.

Lesley Stones at Artslink: The Boys in the Photograph is a fabulous piece of theatre, but don’t take your vuvuzela…. The stage sets for (the) musical get more rapturous applause than the cast itself…. For The Boys in the Photograph the scenery is simply the most elaborate and inventive I’ve ever seen…. This musical created by Andrew Lloyd Webber and comedian Ben Elton isn’t a show as much as an event. The songs range from stirring to poignant, the script is witty and insightful, Elton weaves wit throughout the plot and in the lyrics to his consistently powerful songs…. It’s a show with extremely limited appeal…. The show itself is incredibly good. It spans prejudice and morality, friendship to one versus kinship to all, the brutality of jail and the corruption of those who think they’re fighting a holy war. Strangely, Elton has re-written the script to give us a last-minute happy ending, which seems as unrealistic as expecting Bafana Bafana to win the World Cup.

Purchases from Amazon.com

FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: 1. The Beautiful Game Original London Cast CD. 2. The Beautiful Game Vocal Selections.

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NEWSFLASH: ANNIE Back on Broadway in 2012

ANNIE

Above: ANNIE in its original Broadway production

It’s official! Charles Strouse, Martin Charnin and Thomas Meehan’s Annie will be back on Broadway in 2012 for a 35th anniversary production. The show will be revised by Meehan, its original librettist, especially for the occasion, tailoring the structure and dialogue to the tastes of modern audiences. There is no word yet on whether there will be any alterations to the standard Broadway score of the show.

So… any ideas regarding who should be in the cast? I have at least one friend who thinks Bernadette Peters should reprise her role as Lily. My response? Perhaps she’s a little old for Lily at this point in time, unless the revival re-imagines the character as a cougar.

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SONDHEIM ON SONDHEIM Cast Recording

The cast of Sondheim on Sondheim is heading into the studio today to finish recording the cast album of the show. Word is that Sondheim’s commentary from the video footage will be on the album, which is a huge plus point – especially for someone like me who doesn’t see the strident new arrangements popping up on his personal iTunes playlist very often at all, no matter how well the admittedly amazing cast interprets them. However, for those who want to subject themselves to the new arrangements, it might be interesting to hear that there are rumours about the exclusion of several numbers from the album, including: “Do I Hear a Waltz?”, “Ah, But Underneath”, “In Buddy’s Eyes”, “Epiphany” and the “A Weekend in the Country”, “Ever After” and “Sunday” medley that closes the first act of the show.

As an aside – many Sondheim fans across the Internet are clamouring for a DVD release of the show or a DVD to accompany the cast recording with the interview footage on it, but – if we’re going to talk DVDs – I’d rather see that footage interspersed with archival performances from the actual shows or, when that kind of material isn’t available, with filmed reproductions of the songs as they were originally seen in their original productions. This might raise the production budget considerably, but – in my humble opinion – it would be money well spent.

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2010 Drama Desk Awards

The Drama Desk Awards were presented last night in a ceremony hosted by Patti LuPone. Memphis won 4 awards, including Outstanding Musical, Outstanding Actress in a Musical (Montego Glover tied with Catherine Zeta-Jones), Outstanding Music and Orchestrations. La Cage aux Folles won the award for Outstanding Revival. Here is the complete list of nominees, with the winners in each category indicated in boldface:

Outstanding Play:
Alan Ayckbourn, My Wonderful Day
Annie Baker, Circle Mirror Transformation
Lucinda Coxon, Happy Now?
John Logan, Red
Geoffrey Nauffts, Next Fall
Bruce Norris, Clybourne Park

Outstanding Musical:
American Idiot
Everyday Rapture
Memphis
The Addams Family
The Scottsboro Boys
Yank!

Outstanding Revival of a Play:
A View from the Bridge
Brighton Beach Memoirs
Fences
Hamlet
So Help Me God!
The Boys in the Band

Outstanding Revival of a Musical:
A Little Night Music
Finian’s Rainbow
La Cage Aux Folles
Promises, Promises
Ragtime

Outstanding Actor in a Play:
Bill Heck, The Orphans’ Home Cycle
Jude Law, Hamlet
Alfred Molina, Red
Eddie Redmayne, Red
Liev Schreiber, A View from the Bridge
John Douglas Thompson, The Emperor Jones
Christopher Walken, A Behanding in Spokane

Outstanding Actress in a Play:
Ayesha Antoine, My Wonderful Day
Melissa Errico, Candida
Anne Hathaway, Twelfth Night
Kristen Johnston, So Help Me God!
Laura Linney, Time Stands Still
Jan Maxwell, The Royal Family

Outstanding Actor in a Musical:
Brandon Victor Dixon, The Scottsboro Boys
Douglas Hodge, La Cage Aux Folles
Cheyenne Jackson, Finian’s Rainbow
Chad Kimball, Memphis
Nathan Lane, The Addams Family
Bobby Steggert, Yank!

Outstanding Actress in a Musical:
Kate Baldwin, Finian’s Rainbow
Montego Glover, Memphis
Jayne Houdyshell, Coraline
Christiane Noll, Ragtime
Sherie Rene Scott, Everyday Rapture
Catherine Zeta-Jones, A Little Night Music

Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play:
Chris Chalk, Fences
Sean Dugan, Next Fall
Santino Fontana, Brighton Beach Memoirs
Adam James, The Pride
Hamish Linklater, Twelfth Night
Nick Westrate, The Boys in the Band

Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play:
Victoria Clark, When the Rain Stops Falling
Viola Davis, Fences
Xanthe Elbrick, Candida
Mary Beth Hurt, When the Rain Stops Falling
Scarlett Johansson, A View from the Bridge
Andrea Riseborough, The Pride

Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical:
Kevin Chamberlin, The Addams Family
Robin De Jesus, La Cage Aux Folles
Jeffry Denman, Yank!
Christopher Fitzgerald, Finian’s Rainbow
Jeremy Morse, Bloodsong of Love
Bobby Steggert, Ragtime

Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical:
Carolee Carmello, The Addams Family
Carrie Cimma, Lizzie Borden
Katie Finneran, Promises, Promises
Angela Lansbury, A Little Night Music
Kenita Miller, Langston in Harlem
Terri White, Finian’s Rainbow

Outstanding Director of a Play:
Jonathan Bank, So Help Me God!
Jack Cummings III, The Boys in the Band
Sam Gold, Circle Mirror Transformation
Michael Grandage, Hamlet
Michael Grandage, Red
Ethan Hawke, A Lie of the Mind

Outstanding Director of a Musical:
Warren Carlyle, Finian’s Rainbow
Marcia Milgrom Dodge, Ragtime
Igor Goldin, Yank!
Terry Johnson, La Cage Aux Folles
Michael Mayer, American Idiot
Susan Stroman, The Scottsboro Boys

Outstanding Choreography:
Warren Carlyle, Finian’s Rainbow
Marcia Milgrom Dodge, Ragtime
Lynne Page, La Cage Aux Folles
Susan Stroman, The Scottsboro Boys
Twyla Tharp, Come Fly Away
Sergio Trujillo, Memphis

Outstanding Music:
David Bryan, Memphis
Michael Friedman, Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson
Joe Iconis, Bloodsong of Love
John Kander and Fred Ebb, The Scottsboro Boys
Andrew Lippa, The Addams Family
Joseph Zellnik, Yank!

Outstanding Lyrics:
Rick Crom, Newsical The Musical
Kevin Del Aguila, Click, Clack, Moo
John Kander and Fred Ebb, The Scottsboro Boys
Dillie Keane and Adèle Anderson, Fascinating Aïda Absolutely Miraculous!
Andrew Lippa, The Addams Family
David Zellnik, Yank!

Outstanding Book of a Musical:
Joe DiPietro, Memphis
Joe Iconis, Bloodsong of Love
Dick Scanlan and Sherie Rene Scott, Everyday Rapture
David Thompson, The Scottsboro Boys
Alex Timbers, Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson
David Zellnik, Yank!

Outstanding Orchestrations:
Larry Hochman, The Scottsboro Boys
Tom Kitt, American Idiot
Tom Kitt, Everyday Rapture
John Oddo, All About Me
Daryl Waters and David Bryan, Memphis

Outstanding Musical Revue:
Fascinating Aïda Absolutely Miraculous!
Million Dollar Quartet
Newsical The Musical
Simon Green: Traveling Light
Sondheim on Sondheim

Outstanding Music in a Play:
Adam Cochran, A Play on War
Adam Cork, Red
Gaines, A Lie of the Mind
Philip Glass, The Bacchae
<em, Twelfth Night
Branford Marsalis, Fences

Outstanding Set Design:
Sandra Goldmark, The Boys in the Band
Phelim McDermott, Julian Crouch and Basil Twist, The Addams Family
Derek McLane, Ragtime
Christopher Oram, Red
Jay Rohloff, Underground
Karen Tennent, Hansel and Gretel

Outstanding Costume Design:
Antonia Ford-Roberts and Bob Flanagan, The Emperor Jones
Clint Ramos, So Help Me God!
Bobby Frederick Tilley II, Lizzie Borden
Matthew Wright, La Cage Aux Folles
David Zinn, In the Next Room or the vibrator play

Outstanding Lighting Design:
Neil Austin, Hamlet
Neil Austin, Red
Christian M. DeAngelis, Lizzie Borden
Maruti Evans, John Ball’s In the Heat of the Night
Natasha Katz, The Addams Family
Dane Laffrey, The Boys in the Band

Outstanding Sound Design in a Musical:
Acme Sound Partners, Ragtime
Jonathan Deans, La Cage Aux Folles
Ashley Hanson, Kurt Eric Fischer & Brian Ronan, Everyday Rapture
Peter Hylenski, The Scottsboro Boys
Scott Lehrer, Finian’s Rainbow
Brian Ronan, Promises, Promises

Outstanding Sound Design in a Play:
Dan Bianchi & Wes Shippee, Frankenstein
Dale Bigall, Underground
Adam Cork, Enron
Lindsay Jones and Jamie McElhinney, Top Secret: The Battle for the Pentagon Papers
Fitz Patton, When the Rain Stops Falling
Elizabeth Rhodes, John Ball’s In the Heat of the Night

Outstanding Solo Performance:
Theodore Bikel, Sholom Aleichem: Laughter Through Tears
Jim Brochu, Zero Hour
Colman Domingo, A Boy and his Soul
Carrie Fisher, Wishful Drinking
Judith Ivey, The Lady With All the Answers
Anna Deavere Smith, Let Me Down Easy

Unique Theatrical Experience:
Charles L. Mee’s Fêtes de la Nuit
Hansel and Gretel
John Tartaglia’s Imaginocean
Love, Loss, and What I Wore
Stuffed and Unstrung
The Provenance of Beauty

Special awards were also presented to the cast, creative team and producers of Horton Foote’s The Orphan’s Home Cycle, to composer and lyricist Jerry Herman, to the Godlight Theatre Company and to the Ma-Yi Theater Company.

So how’s everyone feeling about those Tony Awards now?

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Musical Notes: 23 May 2010

Miranda/Miranda “Audition”: Spring Awakening … p.2
TV Talk … p.2

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NEWSFLASH: Pee-Wee Herman is Broadway Bound

PEE-WEE HERMAN

To purchase THE PEE-WEE HERMAN SHOW on DVD, click on the image above.

A stage production of the The Pee-Wee Herman Show will play the Sondheim Theatre from 11th November – 5th December this year. Directed by Alex Timbers, the show features Paul Reubens as Pee-Wee Herman in the role that made him a household name. Featuring original music by Jay Cotton, the show – according to publicity materials – packs a day in the life of our bow-tied hero into 90 minutes of subversive humor and childlike wonder, reuniting Pee-Wee Herman with many of the original Playhouse cast of characters – including Miss Yvonne, Cowboy Curtis, Pterri the Pterodactyl, Jambi the Genie, and Chairry. The show will feature original music.

I guess this is the first of the onslaught of shows for the holiday season?

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